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Objective @#To investigate the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to examine the effects on life expectancy among residents in Yuhang District of Hangzhou City from 2010 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.@*Methods@#The mortality surveillance data of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of registered residents in Yuhang District from 2010 to 2020 were collected from Zhejiang All-cause Death Surveillance System. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, annual percent change ( APC ), Fulfillment index, life expectancy, cause-eliminated life expectancy and years of life lost, and the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the impact on life expectancy were analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 21 761 deaths occurred due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Yuhang District from 2010 to 2020, and the annual average crude and standardized mortality rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were 206.14/105 and 129.62/105, respectively. The annual crude and standardized mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases both appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2010 to 2020, with APC of -3.63% and -5.45%, respectively ( P<0.05 ), and the Fulfillment index showed a tendency towards a reduction in residents at ages of 50 to 79 years ( P<0.05 ). The mean life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy were 82.71 and 88.39 years in Yuhang District from 2010 to 2020, which both appeared a tendency towards a rise, both with APC of 0.50% ( P<0.05 ). The years of life lost were 5.02 to 6.47 years due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the life loss rates were 6.00% to 7.73%.@*Conclusions@#The mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases appeared a tendency towards a decline decreased and the cause-eliminated life expectancy appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yuhang District from 2010 to 2020. Intensifying the management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases death may increase the life expectancy.
ABSTRACT
Eight-year medical education is an important way to train high-level medical students.According to the eight-year medical educational characteristics of neurosurgery,with reference to the teaching achievement both in domestic and foreign medical schools in conjunction with the characteristics of military medical university students,eight-year medical student clinic practice of neurosurgery has been improved through the application of clinical teaching,and achieved good teaching effect.
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To improve the teaching quality of advanced students on minimally invasive surgery is important for the generalization of new techniques on this subject.The teaching plan should be made according to the academic level of these students.Both theory learning and clinical practice should be emphasized.Multimedia tools should be adopted and English teaching should not be neglected.All these means help to better the teaching quality of advanced students on minimally invasive surgery.
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The theory of Constructivism was applied in different aspects of clinical teaching of surgery.The lessons were designed according to the character of students.Problem solving was emphasized during the course of teaching.An interactive and cooperative atmosphere was constructed.And a variety of additional related materials were provided.All these measures made the teaching activity more accord with the objective rule of clinical knowledge learning.Hence a better teaching effect was achieved.
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Preoperative anesthetic interview is not only an important part of clinical teaching,but also a vital tache of improvement for medical treatment quality.Unlike internal medicine and surgery,interview for anesthesiology department has its own characteristics.Anesthesiology department of Changzheng hospital has put great emphasis on preoperative anesthetic interview.Some experiences about preoperative anesthetic interview were introduced in our article.
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The students are consciously taught how to think the surgery and how to analyze and solve problems in the animal surgery curriculum.
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Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery teaching is the focal and difficult point in the whole surgery teaching.This article introduces the authors'reform by using advanced multimedia and image equipment to enhance teaching effect in both theory and practice,using the modern modes such as logic guide,case study and inter-communication to inspire students'passion and by emphasizing basic skill and asepsis environment to build normative teaching in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.
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Oversea students with rare languages are characterized by severe language barrier,difficulty in study,difficulty in administration,weakness of basic medicine teaching,and lack of standardized clinical manipulation.Based on these characters,reform of clinical teaching was undertaken during the teaching process.Definite teaching principles were made,teaching methods were innovated,and teaching materials of various media were carefully chosen according to the teaching situation,and were renewed continuously.Good teaching effect was achieved,and all the oversea students with rare languages were satisfied with our teaching.
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The mode of using standardized patients has been applied in cardiothoracic surgery teaching to assess students efficiency.It alleviates the conflict of the shortage of resource for clinical teaching and improves the quality of teaching and achieves good results.
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Orthopaedic surgery is a fast developing subject in clinical surgery.Based on the characteristics of the orthopaedic surgery and aiming to enhance the medical students’practical ability of basic skills and clinical thinking we adopt the explorative clinical teaching which can be helpful to training students’initiative of finding and working out a solution by themselves and cultivating their capability of innovation and creation.
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we have observed the effect of antibiotic drug and the 654-2 on the gastroentenc tract, in the early stage of intestinal ischemia, using the model of intestinal ischemia in rats. Compared with the control group, the lesion degree of intestinal mucosa, liver, kindey and lung lessened obviously, the frequency of intestinal bacteria translocation decreased (P